Islamic socialism
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Contents[hide] |
[edit] History
Abū Dharr al-Ghifārī, a Companion of Prophet Muḥammad, is credited by many as the founder of Islamic socialism.[1][2][3][4][5] He protested against the accumulation of wealth by the ruling class during ‘Uthmān's caliphate and urged the equitable redistribution of wealth. Some Orientalists believe that there exist a number of parallels between Islamic economics and communism, including the Islamic ideas of zakat and riba[6][7].[edit] Islamic welfare state
Main article: Bayt al-mal
The concepts of welfare and pension were introduced in early Islamic law as forms of Zakat (charity), one of the Five Pillars of Islam, under the Rashidun Caliphate in the 7th century. This practice continued well into the Abbasid era of the Caliphate. The taxes (including Zakat and Jizya) collected in the treasury of an Islamic government were used to provide income for the needy, including the poor, elderly, orphans, widows, and the disabled. According to the Islamic jurist Al-Ghazali (Algazel, 1058–1111), the government was also expected to stockpile food supplies in every region in case a disaster or famine occurred. The Caliphate can thus be considered the world's first major welfare state.[8][9][edit] Modern Islamic socialism
The first experimental Islamic commune was established during the Russian Revolution of 1917 as part of the Wäisi movement, an early supporter of the Soviet government. The Muslim Socialist Committee of Kazan was also active at this time.Muammar al-Gaddafi, who seized power in Libya with a military coup in 1969, called his ruling ideology "Islamic socialism".
Other notable Muslim socialists include:
- Jamal al-Din Afghani, one of the founders of Islamic modernism
- Rafi Ahmed Kidwai, Indian politician and cabinet minister from 1947–1954
- Haji Misbach, Indonesian nationalist and anti-Dutch preacher of "Islamic Communism"
- Khalid Muhammad Khalid, mid-20th-century Egyptian political and social reformer
- Jalal Al-e Ahmad, Iranian social and political critic
- Gamal Abdel Nasser
- Siad Barre
- Chaudhry Rehmat Ali
- Molana Hasrat Mohani
- Yasser Arafat
- Ahmed Jibril
- Khalid ibn al-Walid
- Mohammed Iqbal
- Faiz Ahmed Faiz
- Habib Jalib
- Ibn-e-Insha
- Sadat Hassan Manto
- Hanif Ramay
- Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
- Ali Shariati
[edit] Islamic Marxism
Islamic Marxism is a term that has been used to describe Ali Shariati (in Shariati and Marx: A Critique of an "Islamic" Critique of Marxism by Assef Bayat). It is also sometimes used in discussions of the 1979 Iranian revolution, including parties such as the Mojahedin-e-Khalq Organization.[10][edit] See also
- Islamic economic jurisprudence
- Zanj Rebellion
- Qarmatians
- Arab Socialism
- The Green Book
- National communism
[edit] References
- ^ Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. New York: Oxford University Press. 1995. p. 19. ISBN 0195066138. OCLC 94030758.
- ^ "Abu Dharr al-Ghifari". Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
- ^ And Once Again Abu Dharr. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
- ^ Hanna, Sami A.; George H. Gardner (1969). Arab Socialism: A Documentary Survey. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 273. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
- ^ Hanna, Sami A. (1969). "al-Takaful al-Ijtimai and Islamic Socialism". The Muslim World 59 (3-4): 275–286.
- ^ Jomo summarizing 'Islamic economic alternatives', in Religion in modern times: an interpretive anthology, Linda Woodhead,Paul Heelas
- ^ Islamic Economic Fundaments- (Interest - Free). Misconceptions about IF, "Islamic Finance is essentially communist in nature"
- ^ Crone, Patricia (2005), Medieval Islamic Political Thought, Edinburgh University Press, pp. 308–9, ISBN 0748621946
- ^ Shadi Hamid (August 2003), "An Islamic Alternative? Equality, Redistributive Justice, and the Welfare State in the Caliphate of Umar", Renaissance: Monthly Islamic Journal 13 (8) (see online)
- ^ About So-Called Islamic Marxism
- John Esposito, ed (1995). "Socialism and Islam". Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. vol. 4. Oxford University Press. pp. 81–86. ISBN 0195066138. OCLC 94030758.
- Maxime Rodinson, Marxism and the Muslim world, Zed Press, 1979, 229 pages, ISBN 9780905762210 (transl. from the French reference book Maxime Rodinson, Marxisme et monde musulman, Paris, Éditions du Seuil, 1972, 698 pages
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